To have an Idea on NoSQL Databases

Authors

  • Bruno SADEG LITIS Laboratory - University of LE Havre
  • Claude DUVALLET LITIS Laboratory - University of LE Havre

Keywords:

Relational model, NoSQL database, scalability, schemaless, BigData

Abstract

NoSQL databases (initially non-SQL, then Not Only SQL) are specifically designed to handle large amounts of data. They have been developed since the 1970s, but they have gained the interest of academia and industry for about two decades. This is because of their powerful characteristics and lack of relational databases, which are the most widely used data sources around the world. Indeed, these databases are based on the relational model, which is materialized by a relational database management system (RDBMS). Although RDBMS efficiently manage data (tables), they have many drawbacks that make them unsuitable for managing current data, which come mainly from Internet applications. They are called Big Data and they are used for example by Twitter, FaceBook, LinkedIn, .... They are very numerous and tend to change quickly. In fact, among the disadvantages of relational databases, we can mention: non-flexibility, non-scalability, ... On the contrary, NoSQL databases evolve very well (scaling) and almost all NoSQL databases are schema-free (we can add or delete an entity or a relationship at any time during execution). In this article, we begin by giving an overview of relational databases and their characteristics. We then describe the NoSQL databases and their main characteristics, knowing that there are as many different characteristics as  "NoSQL databases" products. We then give the taxonomy of NoSQL databases, which distinguishes four main types of NoSQL databases: key-value, wide-column, document and graphical databases. We will then give some elements of each type of database through the use of a product, an implementation of a kind of such a database.

Author Biographies

Bruno SADEG, LITIS Laboratory - University of LE Havre

is a senior researcher at LITIS Laboratory in University of Le Havre Normandy (France). He works on Real-Time DBMS, particularly on transactions concurrency control and scheduling, on distributed real-time database consistency and on feed-back control scheduling. He already worked on sensor databases. Currently, he works on NoSQL databases, particularly on graph oriented databases.

Claude DUVALLET, LITIS Laboratory - University of LE Havre

is a senior researcher at LITIS Laboratory in University of Le Havre Normandy (France).
His area of interest concerns Real-Time DBMS (transactions concurrency control and
scheduling, distributed real-time database consistency, feed-back control scheduling, ...).
He already worked on sensor databases. Currently, he works on smart cities, smart
ports and blockchain.

References

D. Isaac et al. “Hierarchical storage management for relational databases”, Proceedings of Twenth IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage Systems, 1993, Monterey, CA, USA, USA, DOI: 10.1109/MASS.1993.289767.

J.C. Date. Database Design and Relational Theory. Patparganj, Dehli; Publisher: Pearson Education Asia, 7th edition (2002).

DB2. IBM DB2 Universal Database Administration Guide, Design and Implementation. (SC09-2839),

IBM Corp, 1999.

Bansari H. Kotecha and H. Joshiyara. “A Survey of Non-Relational Databases with Big Data”. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication (IJRITCC), vol. 5, issue 11, pp. 143-148, Nov. 2017.

M. Madison, M. Barnhill, C. Napier and J. Godin. “NoSQL Database Technologies”. Journal of International Technology and Information Management, vol. 24, issue 1, 2015, Available:

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/55333675.pdf

Dan Pritchett, Ebay. “Base: An ACID Alternative”. In ACMQUEUE, Vol. 6, Issue 3, Jul. 2008.

J.C. Data. An Introduction to Database Systems. Addison-wesley, 2004.

Adity Gupta, Swati Tyagi , Nupur Panwar, Shelly Sachdeva, Upaang Saxena, “NoSQL databases: Critical analysis and comparison” International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies for Smart Nation (IC3TSN), Gurgaon, India, 2017.

A. G. Mhmoud Mohmmed and S.E. Fatoh Osman. “Study on SQL vs. NoSQL vs. NewSQL”. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science Studies (JMESS), vol. 3, issue 6, pp. 1821-1823, Jun. 2017.

T. Macedo and F. Oliveira. Redis CookBook. O’Reily, https://books.phundrak.fr/download/1948/pdf/1948.pdf, [2011].

P. Shukla. “NoSQL Database: Cassandra is a Better Option to Handle Big Data”. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), vol. 5, num. 1, pp. 24-26, Jan. 2016.

Tutorials point. “Mongo DB tutorial”. Available: mdslab.unime.it/sites/default/files/mongodb_tutorial.pdf [2003].

A. Turu Pi and O. Koroglu. “Graph Databases and Neo4j.” PhD thesis, Université Libre de Bruxelles https://cs.ulb.ac.be/public/_media/teaching/neo4jj_2017.pdf [2017].

D. Florescu. “ Oracle”, in the “ACM Queue”, Vol. 3, No.8, 2005, Available: dist.neo4j.org/neo-technology-introduction.pdf.

A. Nayak, A. Poriya and D. Poojary. “Type of NOSQL Databases and its Comparison with Relational Databases”. International Journal of Applied Information Systems (IJAIS), vol. 5, issue 4, pp. 16-19, Mar. 2013.

K. Seguin. The Little MongoDB Book. Available: https://openmymind.net/mongodb.pdf [Mar 2011].

Behjat U Nisa. “A Comparison between Relational Databases and NoSQL Databases”. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD), vol. 2, issue 3, pp. 845-848, Mar.-Apr. 2018.

bytes.usc.edu/cs585/s19_data0AI2AGI4/extras/docs/Graph_Dbs_for_Beginners.pdf[2018]..

M. Stonebraker. “SQL databases v. NoSQL databases”, Communications of the ACM, vol. 53, issue. 4,

pp. 10-11, [2010].

S. Gilbert and N. Lynch. “Perspectives on the CAP Theorem”. In IEEE Computer, Vol. 45 , Issue: 2, pp. 30-36, Feb. 2012.

N. Dasharath Karande. “A Survey Paper on NoSQL Databases: Key-Value Data Stores and Document Stores”. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, vol. 6, num. 2, pp. 153-157, Feb. 2018.

G. Matel. “Column-Oriented Databases: an Alternative for Analytical Environment”. Database Systems Journal, vol. I, num. 2, pp. 3-15, 2010.

S. Patil, G. Vaswani and A. Bhatia. “Graph Databases- An Overview”. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies (IJCSIT), vol. 5, issue 1, pp. 657-660, 2014.

X. Yan, P.S. Yu, J. Han. “Substructure Similarity Search in Graph Databases,” in Proc. of the ACM SIGMOD, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, Jun. 2005.

D. Abadi, P. Boncz, S. Harizopoulos, S. Idreos and S. Madden. “The Design and Implementation of Modern Column-Oriented Database Systems”. Fondations and Trends in Databases Journal, vol. 5, num. 3, pp. 197-280, 2012.

E. Hewitt. Cassandra: The Definitive Guide. O’reily Ed., e-book, Available:

https://www.gocit.vn/files/Cassandra.The.Definitive.Guide-www.gocit.vn.pdf [2011].

K. Banker. “MongoDB in Action,” Available: img105.job1001.com/upload/adminnew/2015-04-07/1428394945-PHQK1Q5.pdf [Apr 2015].

Kristina Chodorow. MongoDB: The Definitive Guide. Second Edition by (O’Reilly). Copyright 2013 Kristina Chodorow, 978-1-449-34468-9. https://www.gocit.vn/files/MongoDB-www.gocit.vn.pdf

S. Srinivasa. “Data, Storage and Index Models for Graph Databases”. International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, aug. 2011, ISBN = 9781613500538.

J. Pokorný. “Graph Databases: Their Power and Limitations”, Proceedings of the 14th Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management (CISIM) Warsaw, Poland. pp.58-69. 2015.

B. Merkl Sasaki, J. Chao and R. Howard. Graph Databases for Beginners. Neo4j: the #1 Platform for Connected Data. E-book, https://neo4j.com/lp/book-graph-databases/

I. Robinson, J. Webber and E. Eifrem. Graph Databases: New Opportunities for Connected Data. Ed. Oreily,Second Edition, 2015. [On-line]. Available:

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f511/7084ca43e888fb3e17ab0f0e684cced0f8fd.pdf

F. Melchor Santos López and E. Guillermo Santos De La Cruz. “Literature review about Neo4j graph database as a feasible alternative for replacing RDBMS”. Systemas E Informatica, vol. 18, issue 2, pp. 135-139, 2015.

S. Choudhury., L. Holder, G. Chin, P. Mackey, K. Agarwal. and J. Feo. “Query Optimization for Dynamic Graphs,” in Proc. of ACM, jul. 2014.

S. Batra and C. Tyagi. “Comparative Analysis of Relational And Graph Databases”. International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), vol. 2, issue 2, pp. 509-512, 2012.

N. Francis et al. “Cypher: An Evolving Query Language for Property Graphs,” In ACM SIGMOD, 2018.

Downloads

Published

2019-09-03

How to Cite

SADEG, B., & DUVALLET, C. (2019). To have an Idea on NoSQL Databases. International Journal of Computer (IJC), 35(1), 1–18. Retrieved from https://ijcjournal.org/index.php/InternationalJournalOfComputer/article/view/1465

Issue

Section

Articles